BeNano 180 Zeta Pro - Particle Size Analysis

BeNano Series: Unveiling the Secrets of Nanoparticle AnalysisPlay

Video Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

Overview

Features

Unlock Greater Research Potential with BeNano

Advanced ELS Technology (PALS): PALS technology can successfully distinguish and extract electrophoretic behavior, even from samples with low electrophoretic mobilities, whether close to the isoelectric point or in a high saline environment.

Advanced DLS Technology: Backscattering Detection: Backscattering DLS optics can detect far greater scattering volumes than 90-degree optics. Backscattering DLS, when combined with a flexible measurement position, provides significantly increased sensitivity and sample measurement capacity.

Temperature Trend Measurement: A programmed SOP makes it simple to execute a temperature trend on thermal-sensitive samples. The BeNano can detect the temperature transition point of size results, which corresponds to protein sample aggregation temperature.

Stable and Durable Optical Bench: The BeNano uses a 50 mW solid-state laser, a single-mode fiber system, and a high-performance APD detector to provide reliable, wide-ranging, and highly redundant detection capabilities.

Research Level Software: The BeNano software can intelligently assess and process scattered light signals, resulting in higher signal quality and stability. Various built-in calculating modes can be used for a wide range of scientific studies and applications.

Ultra-Low Sample Volume Required: Measuring trace amounts of samples is necessary for early-stage R&D in the pharmaceutical industry and academia. The capillary sizing cell requires just 3 to 5 μL of material for accurate size measurements.

Source: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

1. Particle Size Measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

Dynamic light scattering (DLS), also known as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) or quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), is a method for measuring Brownian motion in a dispersant. It is based on the fact that smaller particles travel faster and larger particles move slower.

An avalanche photodiode (APD) detects the particle scattering intensities, which are subsequently transformed into a correlation function using a correlator. The diffusion coefficient (D) can be calculated using a mathematical algorithm based on the correlation function.

The Stokes-Einstein equation, which connects the diffusion coefficient to particle size, can be used to compute the hydrodynamic diameter (DH) and distribution.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

2. Backscattering Detection Technology

Features

Wider Concentration Range: By adjusting the detection position, extremely concentrated samples can be detected near the sample cell’s edge, thereby reducing the effect of multiple light scattering.

Higher Sensitivity: When compared to the standard 90° optical design, the scattering volume is 8-10 times larger, and the sensitivity is approximately ten times higher.

Higher Size Upper Limit: It minimizes multiple light scattering from big particles and, to some extent, the number fluctuations of large particles caused by the considerably larger scattering volume.

Better Reproducibility: Better reproducibility is offered by the DLS backscattering technique, which is less affected by dust contaminants and unevenly distributed agglomerates.

Intelligent Search for the Optimal Detection Position

The software automatically finds the ideal detection location based on the sample’s size, concentration, and scattering ability to obtain the maximum measurement accuracy while also offering flexibility in detecting varied types and concentrations. This capability is very beneficial when working with a diverse range of samples, each with its own scattering characteristics and concentrations.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

3. Zeta Potential Measured by Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS)

Counterions surround charged particles in aqueous environments, forming an inner Stern layer and an outer shear layer. Zeta potential refers to the electrical potential at the shear layer interface.

A higher zeta potential means that the suspension system is more stable and less likely to aggregate. Electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) analyzes electrophoretic mobility using Doppler changes in scattered light, which can then be utilized to calculate a sample’s zeta potential using Henry’s equation.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

4. Phase Analysis Light Scattering (PALS)

Phase analysis light scattering (PALS) is an advanced technology based on the traditional ELS technology, which has been further developed by Bettersize to measure the zeta potential and its distribution of a sample.

Features and Benefits

Accurate measurement of samples withlow electrophoretic mobility

Effectively measures the zeta potential of particles whose charge approaches the isoelectric point zeta potential distribution

Effective for samples in organic solventswith low dielectric constant

More accurate results for samples withhigh conductivity

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

5. Static Light Scattering

Static light scattering (SLS) is a technique that assesses the scattering intensities, weight-average molecular weight (Mw), and second virial coefficient (A₂) of a sample using the Rayleigh equation:

where c is the concentration of the sample, θ is the angle of detection, R_θ is the Rayleigh ratio (used to characterize the intensity ratio between the incident light and the scattered light at angle θ), A₂ is the second virial coefficient, K is a constant associated with (dn/dc)².

Scattering intensities of the sample at various concentrations are observed during molecular weight measurements. Samples at various concentrations have their Rayleigh ratios calculated and plotted onto a Debye plot using the scattering intensity and Rayleigh ratio of a recognized standard (like toluene). The intercept and slope from the linear regression of the Debye plot are then used to get the molecular weight and the second virial coefficient.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

6. Microrheology Measured by DLS

Dynamic Light Scattering Microrheology (DLS Microrheology) is a cost-effective and efficient technique that leverages dynamic light scattering to assess rheological properties. Through the analysis of Brownian motion in colloidal tracer particles, crucial data on the system's viscoelastic properties, including viscoelastic modulus, complex viscosity, and creep compliance, can be derived using the generalized Stokes-Einstein equation.

Features and Benefits

Applies low stress to tracer particles

Complements mechanical rheologyresults

Investigate rheological behaviorsby measuring the thermally-drivenmotion of tracer particles within amaterial being studied

Facilitates the measurement acrossa wide range of frequencies

Only requires a microliter-scalesample volume

Suitable for weakly-structuredsamples

7. Temperature Trend Measurement

Measurement Parameters

Size vs. Temperature

Zeta Potential vs. Temperature

Features

Benefit protein formulation stability study

Increases the rate of aging in real-time by simulating high temperatures

Benefits

Simple analysis of the stability of protein formulation

Increases the rate of aging in real-time by simulating high temperatures

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

8. pH Trend Measurement

Measurement Parameters

Zeta Potential vs. pH

Isoelectric point

Conductivity vs. pH

Features

High-precision ternary titration pumps

Peristaltic pump that can be controlled and has a large capacity and rate of flow

General-purpose electrode

Automated titrant selection based on initial and target pH using intelligent software

Benefits

Completes measurements in less time

Improves uniformity and reproducibility of results

Minimize the workload of researchers

Simplifies qualifications needed for operators

Accelerates real-time aging through elevated temperature simulation

Minimizes exposure to corrosive liquids

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

9. A Research Level Software

Automatic calculation of mean and standard deviation for results and statistics

Comparison of results from multiple runs through statistics and overlay functions

Free lifelong upgrades provided

Over 100 available parameters that meet the research, QA, QC, and production needs

Real-time display of information and results

SOP guarantees measurement accuracy andcompleteness

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

10. Compliance With FDA 21 CFR Part 11

The BeNano software system adheres to 21 CFR Part 11 regulations, ensuring restricted access to authorized individuals via a username and password system for electronic record signing, access logs, change logs, and operation execution.

An activation code facilitates the enhancement of security settings to ensure compliance, while an "audit trail" feature enables the monitoring of system security and data integrity to guarantee proper management and maintenance.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

Technology

Source: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) - Applications	Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) - Applications	Static LightScattering (SLS) -Applications	DLS Microrheology - Applications
1) Particle size and distribution of polymers, colloids, biomacromolecules, etc. 2) Research on thermal-sensitive systems, such as PNIPAm polymer. 3) Studies on polymerization process and reaction mechanisms. 4) Kineticsanalysis of self-assembly, polymerization and depolymerization, etc.	1) Particle suspensions, including colloids, proteins, nanometals, etc. 2) Industries such as chemicals, biology, water treatment, paints, etc. 3) Product stability control and monitoring 4) Stability research and control of suspension system 5) Surface property and modification study	1) Chemical engineering: characterization of polymers, micelles and macromolecules 2) Life science: characterization of proteins, polypeptides, and polysaccharides. 3) Pharmaceuticals: research on aggregation and stability of drugs and biomacromolecules.	1) Polymer solution 2) Protein solution 3) Gel system

Specification

Source: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

^* Dependent on samples and accessories^† Up to 40% w/v using capillary sizing cell^# 10 mW 633 nm He-Ne laser available on request

Accessory

1. Cuvettes

Source: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

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	Folded Capillary Cell BT-C1For aqueous samples in zeta potential measurementMaterial: PC, Gold-plated Phosphor BronzeSample Volume: 0.75 mLTemperature Range: -15 - 70 °CDetails: Optical path of 4 mm, capable of measuring samples with a maximum concentration of 40% w/v High-tech but disposable item with a low usage cost		PS CuvetteFor aqueous samples in size measurementMaterial: PSSample Volume: 1 - 1.5 mLTemperature Range: -15 - 70 °C
	Folded Capillary Cell BT-C1-PtFor aqueous samples in zeta potential measurementMaterial: PC, PlatinumSample Volume: 0.75 mLTemperature Range: -15 - 70 °CDetails: Optical path of 4 mm, capable of measuring samples with a maximum concentration of 40% w/v High salinity tolerance		Micro-volume PS CuvetteFor aqueous samples with micro volumerequired in size measurementMaterial: PMMASample Volume: 40 - 50 μLTemperature Range: -15 - 70 °C
	Dip CellFor aqueous and organic samples in zeta potential measurementMaterial: PEEK, PlatinumSample Volume: 1 - 1.5 mLTemperature Range: -15 - 70 °C		Glass Cuvette(square lid)For aqueous and organic samples in sizemeasurementMaterial: GlassSample Volume: 1 - 1.5 mLTemperature Range: -15 - 110 °C
	Capillary Sizing CellFor aqueous and organic samples with ultra-micro volume required in size measurementMaterial: GlassSample Volume: 3 - 5 μLTemperature Range: -15 - 70 °CDetails: Extremely low sample volume required (3 - 5 μL) Avoid large particle sedimentation and allow for larger particle measurement up to 15 μm		Glass Cuvette(round lid)For aqueous and organic samples with bettersealing performance in size measurementMaterial: GlassSample Volume: 1-1.5 mLTemperature Range: -15 - 110 °C
			Micro-volume Glass CuvetteFor aqueous samples with micro volumerequired in size measurementMaterial: GlassSample Volume: 25 μLTemperature Range: -15 - 110 °C

2. BAT-1 Autotitrator

Introduction

The BAT-1 autotitrator, a highly rated BeNano series accessory, is an excellent choice for evaluating zeta potential as a function of pH and calculating a colloidal system’s isoelectric point (IEP).

The system has three high-precision titration pumps with a precision of 0.28 μL. It automatically selects the best titrant and adjusts the addition volume to maximize efficiency and accuracy.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.

Features

Combination electrode with high precision andhigh feedback speed

Corrosion resistant design

Controllable peristaltic pump with high flow capacity and high flow rate

Determination of isoelectric point

General purpose electrode

High-precision ternary titration pumps

Internal magnetic stirrer system

Intelligentization

Replaceable tubes

SOP operation

How it Works

The BAT-1 Autotitrator is designed to be used with the BeNano series to detect zeta potential across a wide pH range, giving information on zeta potentials and sample stability under various situations. The operation flow goes as follows:

Preparing the identified samples and the titrants in the containers.

Creating or editing a titration SOP in BeNano software by setting the volume of the sample to be tested, the titrant concentrations, the initial pH, the target pH, the pH interval, the target pH tolerance, and so on.

To start the determination, the sample is titrated to approximate the initial pH value by automated calculation and then injected into the folded capillary cell by the peristaltic pump for zeta potential measurement.

Repeating the above steps until the final target pH is reached.

Saving and outputting complete data and the trend plot of zeta potential vs. pH.

Providing the isoelectric point if it is included in the pH range.

Image Credit: Bettersize Instruments Ltd.